Structure, elasticity and diversity of animal behavior

Abstract

The definition of behavior, the structure of behavior and diversity of behavior have been ignored by researchers for a long time. We defined the concepts of elasticity and inelasticity of animal behavior. We also studied the space requirements for animals to perform behavior. Based on these basic concepts, we discuss the relationship between habitat elements and behavioral diversity. We discovered that captive space affected the social behavior and communication behavior in Pere David's Deer. Available space also had a profound impact on aggregation behavior. Pere David's Deer that were kept in small pens showed no sign of sexual segregation. However, when the deer were released into the field, the stag left the hinds. Sexual segregation, which had been suppressed in the Pere David's deer population held in small pens, was resurgent once the animals had more space. We also discovered that male and female giant panda living in a larger captive space had more courtship behaviors and spent more time on activities. Thus space had a profound impact on courtship behavior of male or female giant pandas. Animals living in captive environments for generations may only perform behaviors of high inelasticity and may loose behaviors of elasticity. Such a process will reduce behavioral diversity. Taking the saiga and Mongolian wild ass as examples, we point out that we should consider escape space and seasonal migration space requirements when we keep endangered ungulates in captivity or establish reserves for them. Diversity of animal behavior is not only a fundamental component of biodiversity but it is also relevant to the successful conservation of endangered species, particularly ex situ conservation. When we attempt to preserve endangered species in captivity, we should pay special attention to maintaining behavioral diversity of these animals, because behavioral diversity is an integral part of biodiversity.P