Structure Characterization and Action Mechanism of an Antiaging New Compound from Gastrodia elata Blume.

Umer Farooq,Ying Wang,Yanjun Pan,Lan Xiang,Hiroyuki Osada,Jianhua Qi,Yanfei Lin

doi:10.1155/2019/5459862

Abstract

A new compound, bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)ether mono-β-L-galactopyranoside (1), was isolated from the rhizome of Gastrodia elata Blume. Its structure was elucidated using extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-TOF-MS, and chemical derivatization. Compound 1 extended the replicative lifespan of K6001 and the chronological lifespan of YOM36 yeast strains. To understand the mechanism of action, oxidative stress assessment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, catalase (CAT) and total glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity assays, and replicative lifespan assay of sod1, sod2, uth1, and skn7 yeast mutant strains were performed. Results indicated the significant increase in the survival rate of yeast under oxidative stress after treatment with 1. ROS and MDA levels were reduced significantly. Meanwhile, the activity of CAT and GPx was significantly increased. The lifespan of sod1, sod2, uth1, and skn7 mutants of K6001 was not affected by 1. Furthermore, we investigated the gene expression related to longevity after administrating 1. The significant increase of Sir2 and reduction of Uth1 gene expression in the 1-treated group were observed. These results indicated that antioxidative stress played an important role in the antiaging effect of 1; Sir2 and Uth1 genes were involved in antiaging effects of 1.

Highlights

Aging is natural process characterized by deterioration in cellular functions, leading to a progressive decline in physiological function
The significant increase of Sir2 and reduction of Uth1 gene expression in the 1-treated group were observed. These results indicated that antioxidative stress played an important role in the antiaging effect of 1; Sir2 and Uth1 genes were involved in antiaging effects of 1
The active water layer was chromatographed on a series of ODS and silica gel open column under the guidance of the K6001 replicative lifespan bioassay system to obtain the active fraction

Summary

Introduction

Aging is natural process characterized by deterioration in cellular functions, leading to a progressive decline in physiological function. This deterioration is considered as a major risk factor for many human degenerative diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease [1]. Various research efforts have been made to slow aging and counter age-related diseases to extend human life and health span [2]. Several antiaging drugs such as metformin and rapamycin are commercially available, but these drugs are not specific [3]. The identification and development of new antiaging drugs with improved characteristics is one of the most important goals for researchers [4]

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Discussion

Conclusion