Abstract
New findings of studies of the structural, tribological, and physicomechanical characteristics of structural steel 40Kh treated by plasma flow under melting accompanied by either tungsten or molybdenum alloying are presented. Rutherford back-scattering of ions, scanning electron microscopy (with microanalysis), X-ray fluorescent spectral analysis, X-ray phase analysis, wear-resistance tests, measurement of the coefficient of friction, and transmitting electron microscopy with diffraction are the basic research methods. It is found experimentally that a thin layer 5 μm thick saturated with nitrogen and an alloying element (Mo or W) with regularly arranged crystallites arises on the steel 40Kh surface. The crystallites in this layer have a needle- and ribbon-shaped structure. A deeper layer located about 40 μm thick consists of micro- and nanosized grains. Friction and wear studies of the plasma-flow treated (melt) samples show the steel wear resistance to increase 2–2.5 times and the coefficient of friction to decrease from 0.4–0.5 to 0.10–0.15 compared to the untreated samples.
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