Structure and Stability of the [TCNE]22-Dimers in Dichloromethane Solution: A Computational Study

Abstract

The solution behavior of [TCNE](.-), which forms long-living pi-[TCNE]22- dimers, is computationally studied by B3LYP and MCQDPT/CASSCF(2,2) calculations (a multiconfigurational quasi-degenerate perturbative calculation using a CASSCF(2,2) wavefunction, which properly accounts for the dispersion interaction). B3LYP calculations indicate minimum-energy [TCNE](2)(2-)(dichloromethane)(4) aggregates, a solvent where pi-[TCNE](2)(2-) dimers are spectroscopically observed. Their existence is attributed to [TCNE](.-)...solvent interactions that exceed the [TCNE](.-)...[TCNE](.-) repulsion. The lowest energy minimum at the B3LYP level corresponds to an open-shell singlet electronic structure, a metastable minimum where the shortest interanion C...C distance is 5.23 A. A slightly less stable minimum is also found for the closed-shell singlet when double-occupancy of the orbitals is imposed, but it converts into the open-shell singlet minimum when the double occupancy is relaxed. At the MCQDPT/CASSCF(2,2) level, the only minimum is for the closed-shell singlet (24.0 kcal/mol (101 kJ/mol) more stable than the dissociation products), consistent with experimental enthalpy of dimerization of [TCNE](.-) in dichloromethane solutions. It has an interanion C...C distance of 2.75 A and is in accord with the UV-vis experimental properties of the [TCNE](.-) solutions.