Structure and redox properties of radicals derived from one-electron oxidised methylxanthines

Abstract

The repair of the one electron oxidised form of a xanthine derivative by another xanthine derivative was studied by reacting aqueous binary mixtures of xanthine derivatives with sulphate radical anion (SO4˙−) and following the concentration of both compounds as a function of time. The relative behaviour observed enabled the establishment of a qualitative order of antioxidant capacities for the several xanthines studied in acidic and neutral media. The same order was confirmed quantitatively by measuring the reduction potentials of the xanthines by cyclic voltammetry. Theoretical DFT calculations were used to calculate the relative stabilities of the tautomers of each xanthine neutral radical. It was also demonstrated that the deprotonation of a xanthine radical cation never occurs from N1, unless no other possibility is available. At high pH values, it was possible to obtain the ESR spectra of the radical anions derived from 1-methylxanthine, 3-methylxanthine and xanthosine. The theoretical calculations also enabled the assignment of the ESR hyperfine coupling constants of the spectra of these radical anions. The coupling constants calculated are in good agreement with the experimental values.