Abstract
The critical evaluation of a large body of the information on five-membered nitroazoles and nitrobenzazoles study by physical chemical methods – nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR), electron spin resonance (ESR), ion-cyclotron resonance, UV and IR- spectroscopy, X-ray analysis, mass spectrometry, polarography, dipole moments, chromatography, luminescence, photolysis, etc. is presented. The extensive investigations of structure, tautomerism, and properties of nitroazoles by multinuclear 1H, 13C, 15N, 19F, 31P, 29Si and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy are reviewed. A great emphasis is given to tautomerism studies of nitroazoles by multinuclear dynamic NMR because prototropic transformations of almost all azoles in solutions proceed so quickly. The mechanisms of electrochemical reactions and vicarious nucleophilic C-amination of nitroazoles are discussed. Quantum-chemical investigations of nitroazoles are covered in detail.
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