Abstract
Biaxially oriented films of commercial polyethylenes were investigated using X-ray diffraction in directions transverse and perpendicular to the film plane. The surface morphology of the inner and outer faces of these films were studied in two directions by (a) transmission election microscopy employing replication procedures, (b) by atomic force microscopy (tapping mode) down to nanometer resolution, (c) scanning electron microscopy of ion-etched metal coated surfaces, and (d) small-angle X-ray scattering measurements obtained from the bulk films. Discernible differences in morphological features were found for the inner and outer film faces that experienced different conditions during blow extrusion. The mean surface roughness of the films was measured and correlated with the haze parameters of these polyolefin materials. Trends in surface roughness with crystallinity (assessed from other measurements) are attributed to surface lamellar-like crystallization.
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