Structure and microwave dielectric behaviour of low-temperature-fired Li2Zn1−xCoxTi3O8 (x = 0–0.07) ceramics for low temperature co-fired ceramic applications

Abstract

Low-temperature-fired Li2Zn1−xCoxTi3O8 (x = 0, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07) ceramics with 1.5 wt% Li2O–B2O3–SiO2–CaO–Al2O3 (LBSCA) glass as sintering aid were attained through a traditional solid-state-reaction method, and the relationship between their structures and microwave dielectric properties were thoroughly investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the solid solutions composed of Li2ZnTi3O8 and Li2CoTi3O8 were produced. The main peaks were identified with the cubic spinel phase of the Li2(Zn,Co)Ti3O8. Co substitution successfully lowered the sintering temperature of Li2ZnTi3O8 to approximately 900 °C and accelerated its densification when LBSCA glass was used as the sintering aid. The cobalt content considerably influenced grain homogeneity, grain size and dielectric polarizability, as well as the variation in relative permittivity (er) and quality factor (Q × f). When x = 0.04, Li2Zn0.96Co0.04Ti3O8 ceramic sintered at 900 °C had the most uniform grain size and exhibited optimum microwave dielectric properties, having a relative permittivity of 21.61, Q × f of 79,100 GHz and temperature coefficient of resonance frequency (τf) of − 12.3 ppm/°C. Thus, it showed potential for low temperature co-fired ceramic applications.