Abstract
The work is devoted to the solution of scientific and technical problems of creating granular resistive thick films used in the manufacture of metal-ceramic heating elements. Using the method of mechanosynthesis, particles of transition metal borides and aluminoborosilicate glass of complex chemical composition were obtained.
 The electrical and thermal properties of thick-film metal-ceramic heating elements with a resistive layer based on modified particles of a conductive material are studied.
 The heating elements of the new generation are made by the method of thick-film technology, which is widely used in microelectronics in the manufacture of hybrid electronic circuits. Structurally, the thick-film heater is a base (metal with a dielectric coating, ceramics, glass, glass), which is consistently applied through a mesh stencil resistive paste and a dielectric protective coating.
 Direct heat transfer from the heating film to the substrate of the heat remover, due to the very low thermal inertia of the design, provides a quick exit of the heating element to the operating temperature. This feature of heaters opens new opportunities for their special use.
 The resistive layer is a complex heterogeneous disordered system containing regions with a metallic conductivity and dielectric portions. The electrical conductivity in such systems is a superposition of the metallic type — in the conducting phase and the activation phase — through the interlayer between the particles. The layer plays the role of a potential barrier for current carriers and largely determines the predominance of one of the electromigration mechanisms. Its composition and properties are formed during the interaction of molten glass with oxide films of particles of the conductive phase and doping of the compositions.
 Obtaining composite particles of the conductive phase in the process of preparation and heat treatment of materials allows you to purposefully change the properties of the nanoscale interlayer between these particles, which leads to the possibility of creating a group of materials and heating elements based on them with a complex of new properties.
Highlights
The electrical and thermal properties of thick-film metal-ceramic heating elements with a resistive layer based on modified particles of a conductive material are studied
The electrical conductivity in such systems is a superposition of the metallic type – in the conducting phase and the activation phase – through the interlayer between the particles
Its composition and properties are formed during the interaction of molten glass with oxide films of particles of the conductive phase and doping of the compositions
Summary
В качестве объекта исследования была выбрана металлокерамическая порошковая композиция, состоящая из частиц триникельборида и алюмоборосиликатного стекла марки СЭ-3, применяемая при изготовлении низкоомных паст для толстопленочных нагревательных элементов. Композиционный материал для изготовления толстопленочного резистора готовили следующим образом: стеклосвязующее и триникельборид размалывали в отдельных халцедоновых барабанах в планетарной мельнице САНД-1 при ускорении размольных тел от 7 g до 12 g на протяжении от 60 до 3000 минут в среде изопропилового спирта. Полученные частицы триникельборида и стеклосвязующего смешивали в расчетной пропорции и подвергали совместной обработке в высокоэнергетической планетарной мельнице в течении 1 ÷ 15 мин при ускорении размольных тел 24 g ÷ 48 g. В высокоэнергетической мельнице происходит не только уменьшение размера частиц, а и взаимодействие компонентов на атомарном уровне, с активацией химического взаимодействия, а также масоперенос контактирующих материалов. Электропроводность и ТКС в таких системах зависят от соотношения металлического типа проводимости – это ядро частичек, полупроводникового – оксидная пленка на поверхности частиц металлоподобного борида и активационного – через диэлектрические прослойки, образованные стеклосвязующим. Состав и свойства прослоек формируются в процессе взаимодействия расплавленного стекла с оксидными пленками частиц металлоподобного борида. Как расстояние между частицами металлоподобного борида (за счет изменения соотношения борид-стекло, либо степени окисления частиц борида), так и химический состав прослойки на поверхности частиц токопроводящей фазы, мы можем изменять механизм электропереноса
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