Abstract
This research is the basic study of temperature-sensitive ferrite characteristics prepared by coprecipitation with doping different sizes of rare earth elements. Ni0.5Zn0.5RExFe2-xO4 (NZRF) (x = 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09) nanoparticles (NPs) doped by Sc, Dy, and Gd prepared by chemical coprecipitation method. XRD results show that the grain size of Ni0.5Zn0.5RExFe2-xO4 is from 10.6 to 12.4 nm, which is close to the average grain size of 13.9 nm observed on TEM images. It is also found that the ferrite particles are spherical and slightly agglomerated in TEM images. FTIR results show that the NZRF has the characteristic stretching of tetrahedral and octahedral sites in spinel ferrite near 580 cm−1 and 418 cm−1. The concentrations of nickel, zinc, iron, and rare earth elements have been determined by ICP-AES, and all ions have participated in the reaction. The magnetic properties of Sc3+, Dy3+, and Gd3+-doped NZRF NPs at room temperature are recorded by a physical property measurement system (PPMS-9). It is found that the magnetization can be changed by adding rare-earth ions. All the samples exhibit very small coercivity and almost zero remanences, which indicates the superparamagnetism of the synthesized nanoparticles at room temperature (RT). When x = 0.07, Gd3+-doped Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (NZF) exhibits the highest saturation magnetization. Magnetic properties of NZGd0.07 vary the most with temperature. The thermomagnetic coefficient of NZGd0.07 nanoparticles stabilized to 0.18 emu/gK at 0–100 °C. Hence, NZGd0.07 with low Curie temperature and the high thermomagnetic coefficient can be used to prepare temperature-sensitive ferrofluid for hyperthermia.
Highlights
In recent years, due to its unique properties, nano ferrite has been widely used in many technical fields such as microwave devices, biosensors, catalysis, biomedicine and magnetic recording, magnetic drug delivery, and so on [1]
The magnetic properties of NZGd0.07 vary the most with temperature, and the thermomagnetic coefficient KT increases from 0.13 emu/gK to 0.24 emu/gK
Gd, and Sc doped Ni-Zn ferrites were successfully prepared by the coprecipitation method
Summary
Due to its unique properties, nano ferrite has been widely used in many technical fields such as microwave devices, biosensors, catalysis, biomedicine and magnetic recording, magnetic drug delivery, and so on [1]. The magnetic, electrical, catalytic, and optical properties of ferrite depend on the distribution of divalent and trivalent ions at A and B sites [11]. R.A. Pawar [17] studied the properties of Cobalt zinc ferrite doped with Gd. Due to the strong exchange between Gd (4f7) and Fe (3d5), the saturation magnetization and coercivity of cobalt zinc ferrite were improved. In order to meet their application in targeted ferrofluid heat exchanger and drug delivery at near room temperature, magnetic ferromagnetic materials need to have a smaller size, appropriate susceptibility and coercivity, and high-temperature sensitivity, so that the ferrofluid can be used as a hyperthermia medium in an alternating magnetic field to have a better thermal effect. That ferrite materials have a wider range of applications
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