Abstract
Autotransporters are a large class of proteins that are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are almost universally implicated in virulence. These proteins consist of a C-terminal β-domain that is embedded in the outer membrane and an N-terminal domain that is exposed on the bacterial surface and is endowed with effector function. In this article, we review and compare the structural and functional characteristics of the Haemophilus influenzae IgA1 protease and Hap monomeric autotransporters and the H. influenzae Hia and Hsf trimeric autotransporters. All of these proteins play a role in colonization of the upper respiratory tract and in the pathogenesis of H. influenzae disease.
Highlights
We review and compare the structural and functional characteristics of the Haemophilus influenzae immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) protease and Hap passenger domain (Haps) monomeric autotransporters and the H. influenzae Hia and Hsf trimeric autotransporters
Autotransporters are a large family of proteins that are inserted into the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria and have a variety of effector functions mediated by an extracellular domain, including adherence, invasion, protease activity, and cytotoxicity, among others (Henderson and Nataro, 2001; Pallen et al, 2003)
Adherence to the respiratory epithelium, microcolony formation leading to biofilm formation, and protease activity facilitating bacterial spread and immune evasion are important pathogenic mechanisms that are mediated by these proteins
Summary
Reviewed by: David Hendrixson, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA Stephen J. Autotransporters are a large class of proteins that are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are almost universally implicated in virulence. These proteins consist of a C-terminal β-domain that is embedded in the outer membrane and an Nterminal domain that is exposed on the bacterial surface and is endowed with effector function. We review and compare the structural and functional characteristics of the Haemophilus influenzae IgA1 protease and Hap monomeric autotransporters and the H. influenzae Hia and Hsf trimeric autotransporters All of these proteins play a role in colonization of the upper respiratory tract and in the pathogenesis of H. influenzae disease
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