Structure and function of the ectomycorrhizal association between Paxillus involutus and Betula pendula. II. Metabolic changes during mycorrhiza formation

Abstract

Seedlings of Betula pendula Roth. were grown in the presence of Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr., and metabolic changes during mycorrhiza formation were examined by measuring organic acid and amino acid pools and related enzyme activities, following sequential harvests. Glutamine, aspartate and asparagine pools were always lower in infected roots than in non‐infected roots, especially during Hartig net initiation and formation. Glutamate concentration was similar in both tissues. Citrate and malate were the two major organic acids detected and their concentrations were equal in infected and non‐infected roots. Aspartate aminotransferase, glutamine synthetase, NAD‐dependent malate dehydrogenase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activities were higher in infected roots than non‐infected roots. For all enzymes revealed on polyacrylamide gels, both root and fungal isoforms were present in infected roots. Quantitative changes in enzyme capacities and metabolite pools indicated that mycorrhiza formation caused a re‐arrangement of the main metabolic pathways during the very early stages following contact, which might be related to the structural changes.