Abstract
Mudskippers have many morphological adaptations that enable them to cope with the different conditions encountered in and between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. This is challenging especially for fishes with a body plan suitable for the aquatic medium. Gustatory organs of mudskippers are similar to other fish groups. External and internal taste buds in mudskippers are characterized by high numbers and relatively small sizes. Taste organs are well developed and can be assumed to be the dominant chemosensory organ in the aquatic life phase and while out of water. New olfactory organ configurations are still being described despite more than a century of research into these organs in actinopterygian fishes. The olfactory organ structure in mudskippers is most peculiar even though its ultrastructure resembles that studied in other fish species. The unique structure of the olfactory organ in mudskippers is probably the result of adaptation for periodic transitions from water to land.
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