Abstract
Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen is a Chinese medicinal plant of the Araliaceae family used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Asia. P. notoginseng is vulnerable to root rot disease, which reduces the yield of P. notoginseng. In this study, we analyzed the rhizosphere soil and root endophyte microbial communities of P. notoginseng from different geographical locations using high-throughput sequencing. Our results revealed that the P. notoginseng rhizosphere soil microbial community was more diverse than the root endophyte community. Rhodopseudomonas, Actinoplanes, Burkholderia, and Variovorax paradoxus can help P. notoginseng resist the invasion of root rot disease. Ilyonectria mors-panacis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudopyrenochaeta lycopersici are pathogenic bacteria of P. notoginseng. The upregulation of amino acid transport and metabolism in the soil would help to resist pathogens and improve the resistance of P. notoginseng. The ABC transporter and gene modulating resistance genes can improve the disease resistance of P. notoginseng, and the increase in the number of GTs (glycosyltransferases) and GHs (glycoside hydrolases) families may be a molecular manifestation of P. notoginseng root rot. In addition, the complete genomes of two Flavobacteriaceae species and one Bacteroides species were obtained. This study demonstrated the microbial and functional diversity in the rhizosphere and root microbial community of P. notoginseng and provided useful information for a better understanding of the microbial community in P. notoginseng root rot. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanism underlying P. notoginseng root rot and other plant rhizosphere microbial communities.
Highlights
IntroductionP. notoginseng is often used in a large variety of traditional Chinese medicine
Based on the alpha diversity chao1 and observed dilution curves (Supplementary Figure 1) of rhizosphere soil and root endophyte samples, Supplementary Figures 1A,B show that the data were saturated at 500,000 sequences (0.075 Gb) of rhizosphere soil sample
The evident change in the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) dilution curve of root endophytes may be attributed to the uneven distribution of the microbial community associated with the roots and other plant parts (Gottel et al, 2011)
Summary
P. notoginseng is often used in a large variety of traditional Chinese medicine. P notoginseng has been widely used in China and other Asian countries as a therapeutic strategy or health care product, such as hemostatic, anti-thrombotic, and antiatherosclerotic agent, as well as used to reduce blood pressure and relieve pain, and presents neuroprotection effects (Yang et al, 2019; Guo et al, 2020). Same as the root of the medicinal part of ginseng, the root of P. notoginseng has been used as a raw medicinal material in more than 400 products in 1,300 companies in China (Miao et al, 2006). As the incidence of cardiovascular diseases has increased, and with the modernization of Chinese medicine, the demand for root material of P. notoginseng has been increasing. P. notoginseng is vulnerable to various plant diseases, of which root rot is the most serious, limiting P. notoginseng production
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