Abstract
In previous years the composition and function of chromosomes have been analyzed to a considerable extent, in contrast to the small number of investigations that have been made on nucleoli. There exist at present many conflicting opinions about the structure and function of the nucleolus, and therefore a critical survey of the facts and theories about the nucleolar substance appears necessary. The structure, chemical composition and metabolism of the nucleoli of various cells are described in this publication. The regulation of the size and function of the nucleolus is also discussed. It is concluded that the size and structure of the nucleolus is organ- and species-specific. A rapid synthesis of RNA and proteins occurs in the nucleolus. After a short interval, this disappears; and it is therefore concluded that the nucleolus must have a high turnover of these substances. The size and function of the nucleoli depends on the energy state of the cytoplasm. It appears that the nucleolus can synthesize proteins which can be utilized by the chromosomes during their genetic function.
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