Abstract
At the present, most the electronic portables are operated by Li-ion batteries (LIB), moreover LIB have also been desired to apply in the large-scale as hydride electric vehicles, smart grid system because of its high density energy and high voltage. The development of LIB forecasts a growing demand for lithium supplies. In order to solve the problem of lithium raw resource, sodium is proposed as an alternative energy storage to replace the LIB in the future because of the several reason: abundance of sodium resource, low cost of sodium raw material and similar properties chemistry of lithium. Na0.44MnO2 have been attracted as novel cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to low cost, high capacity and good performance. This work aimed to prepare the cathode material Na0.44MnO2 by solid state reaction form three different manganese precursors such as: MnCO3, Mn(AcO)2 and MnO2 (obtained by electrolysis of MnSO4 solution). The cyclic voltammetry curve presents the multi-peaks redox corresponding to the complex insertion/extraction of sodium ions. The sample Na0.44MnO2, prepared by Mn(AcO)2 precursor, exhibits both the excellent cycle stability (120 mAh/g at C/10) and high charge/discharge rate capability in the range 2-4 V (vs. Na+/Na). Furthermore, the ex-situ Raman Spectroscopy and Diffraction Rayon X studies are also reported the evolution of lattice parameters during discharge process that evidently confirmed the existence of transition-phases. Keywords: cathode materials, Na0.44MnO2, sodium-ion batteries, Raman spectroscopy
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