Abstract
A novel microwave-assisted sol–gel-hydrothermal method was employed to rapidly synthesize Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCZT) powders. The effects of reaction time on the structure, crystallinity, purity and morphology of the products were investigated. The results of XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM indicated that BCZT powders could be obtained in even 60 min at a low synthesis temperature of 180 °C, which were well-crystallized with stoichiometric composition and uniform grain size (~ 85 nm). BCZT ceramic derived from the rapidly-synthesized powders had a dense microstructure and good electrical properties (εm = 9579, d33 = 496 pC/N, 2Pr = 25.22 µC/cm2, 2Ec = 7.52 kV/cm). The significant electrical properties were closely related to the high activity of the BCZT powders, resulting from the rapid microwave-assisted sol–gel-hydrothermal process.
Highlights
A novel microwave-assisted sol–gel-hydrothermal method was employed to rapidly synthesize Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCZT) powders
For all the samples, the absorption peaks corresponding to O–H as well as –COOH disappear nearly and the peaks corresponding to Z–O (Z = Ba, Ca, Ti, Zr) were quite s ignificant[13], implying the high purity and crystallinity of MSGH derived BCZT powders[12]
Compared with solid-state reaction and sol-gel derived BCZT ceramics, MSGH derived BCZT ceramics have a lower sintering temperature (1400 °C) than those in the related reports (1450–1600 °C)[7,31,32,33], which may be attributed to the high activity of BCZT powders prepared by MSGH34,35
Summary
A novel microwave-assisted sol–gel-hydrothermal method was employed to rapidly synthesize Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCZT) powders. Microwave-assisted sol–gel-hydrothermal method (hereinafter referred to as MSGH) is a novel technique that can synthesize powders rapidly at low temperature.
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