Structure and diversity of small-sized fish community in Lake Niushan, Hubei Province

Abstract

研究了牛山湖小型鱼类的群落结构、种群密度和多样性.共捕获14种小型鱼类,以1龄鱼为主,其中红鳍原鲌、似鱎、麦穗鱼和鳑鲏是优势种群.小型鱼类的密度为5.9ind/m²或14.0g/m².小型鱼类的群落多样性较低,以个体数为单位计算的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.802,Simpson优势度指数为0.484, Pielou种类均匀度指数为0.503.水生植被是牛山湖小型鱼类群落分布的主要影响因子,水草生境中小型鱼类数量显著比无水草生境中多,水深和透明度对小型鱼类群落分布无显著性影响.通过合理调控湖泊鱼类群落结构和放养食鱼性鱼类来合理持续利用小型鱼类,有利于提高湖泊经济效益和生态效益.;This paper investigated community structure，density and diversity of small-sized fish with seine in Lake Niushan,Hubei Prowince. 14 species were collected. Cultrichthys erythropteras, Taxabramis swinhonis, Pseudoras-bora parva, and Acheilognathinae, including Rkodeus ocellatus, R. lighti and Paracheilognathus imberbis, were the dominant species. Majority of small-sized fishes were one year old. The density of small-sized fishes in the seine was about 5. 8 ind/m² or 14. 0 g/m². Diversity of fish community in the seine was low. The diversity index(H^,)， dominance index(A) and evenness index(J^,) of small-sized fish community were 1. 802，0. 484 and 0. 503 respectively. The macrophyte played an important role in determining the distribution of fish community. The biomass of small-sized fishes in the macrophyte regions was significantly higher than it in the regions without macrophyte. There was no significant effect of depth and transparence on the distribution of small-sized fish community in the Lake Niushan. Small-sized fish can be use reasonably, in order to increase economic and ecological benefit, through optimizing fish community structure and enhancing piscivorous fish.