Abstract
Structure and dielectric properties of 5 % Ce and Ca co-doped BaTiO3 ceramics were investigated. The site occupations and valence states were studied using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, EPR and dielectric measurements. The Ba/Ti ratio has dramatic effects on ceramic structure and properties. Two single-phase ceramics with Ba/Ti = 1 and 0.937 have tetragonal and cubic structure, showing diffuse phase transition and first-order phase transition behaviors, respectively. The former exhibit the site occupations of mixed Ca2+/Ce3+ at Ba sites and Ca2+/Ce4+ at Ti sites. Ce ions have priority over Ca2+ ions in entering Ti sites as Ce4+ when co-doping in BaTiO3, which will impede Ca2+ ions to be incorporated completely into Ti sites.
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