Abstract
Carbon-doped titanium oxide (C/Ti-O) films were prepared on Si(100) wafer, stainless steel (type 304) and glass by reactive magnetron sputtering (RMS) using CO2 gas as carbon and oxygen source under room temperature (RT). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze structure and composition of the as-prepared C/Ti-O film. It could be observed from XRD that the as-prepared C/Ti-O film contained TiO crystal phase structure. Ti2p XPS spectrum of the as-prepared C/Ti-O film showed that the valences of titanium were made up of Ti2+, Ti3+ and Ti4+. C1s XPS spectrum revealed that carbon was doped into titanium oxide based on the existence of the typical Ti-C bond. The optical absorption curve by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer showed that the C/Ti-O film appeared the remarkable red shift of absorption edge, which contributed to C substitution in O sites in amorphous TiO2. Photocatalysis test using methyl orange (MO) as indicator confirmed that the as-prepared C/Ti-O film had photocatalytic activity. Combined with the results of the tests and first-principles calculations, a potential photocatalysis mechanism was proposed.
Highlights
TiO2 as a promising semiconductor material has received intense attention for environmental cleaning, water splitting and solar cells due to its low cost, nontoxicity, long-term stability and high oxidative power [1,2,3]
No observable peak of rutile or anatase TiO2 is observed in the Carbon-doped titanium oxide (C/Ti–O) film, which indicates the incorporated C in the as-prepared C/Ti–O film inhibits the formation of rutile or anatase phase [23]
The additional peak located at 282.0 eV is attributed to the Ti–C bond resulting from the substitution of oxygen atoms by carbon, which indicates carbon is doped into titanium oxide lattice a Intensity (a.u.)
Summary
TiO2 as a promising semiconductor material has received intense attention for environmental cleaning, water splitting and solar cells due to its low cost, nontoxicity, long-term stability and high oxidative power [1,2,3]. Wang et al [13] prepared a C-doped TiO2 catalyst. Yang et al [14] found the surface area of the C and N co-doped TiO2-based photocatalyst is increased, and the photocatalytic efficiency is enhanced. The previous modification studies were based on crystalline TiO2, and little attention has been paid to amorphous TiO2 because it is commonly accepted that amorphous TiO2 contains high concentration of defects, which can function as rapid electron–hole pair recombination centers rendering them inactive [15]. Carbon-doped titanium oxide (C/Ti–O) films were synthesized by reactive magnetron sputtering (RMS) using CO2 as carbon and oxygen source under room temperature (RT). Structure and composition of the C/Ti–O film were studied by the analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The potential photocatalysis mechanism of the C/Ti–O film was proposed
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