Abstract
The black zone within the littoral fringe of world-wide rocky shores is overgrown with lichens (Lichina pygmaea, Verrucaria maura), and blue-green algae. The zone is inhabited by a few coenophil animals: Hyadesia fusca (Acari), Telmatogeton japonicus (Chironomidae), Mniobia symbiotica (Rotatoria), Echiniscoides sigismundi (Tardigrada), and several aquatic or terrestrial intruders (Nematoda, Littorina, Copepoda-Harpacticoidea, Lrgia, Collembola, terrestrial mites and insects). The main adaptation of foundation species lies in their ability to reduce metabolism by anhydrobiosis or anaerobosis and to survive unfavourable circumstances in quiescence. Fauna1 structure is influenced by unpredictably changing abiotic factors such as moisture, salinity, temperature and eutrophication, which influence quantitative rather than qualitative aspects.
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