Abstract
PRMT1, the major protein arginine methyltransferase in mammals, catalyzes monomethylation and asymmetric dimethylation of arginine side chains in proteins. Initially described as a regulator of chromatin dynamics through the methylation of histone H4 at arginine 3 (H4R3), numerous non-histone substrates have since been identified. The variety of these substrates underlines the essential role played by PRMT1 in a large number of biological processes such as transcriptional regulation, signal transduction or DNA repair. This review will provide an overview of the structural, biochemical and cellular features of PRMT1. After a description of the genomic organization and protein structure of PRMT1, special consideration was given to the regulation of PRMT1 enzymatic activity. Finally, we discuss the involvement of PRMT1 in embryonic development, DNA damage repair, as well as its participation in the initiation and progression of several types of cancers.
Highlights
Arginine methylation is a common and widespread post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotes that regulates numerous biological processes
This hypothesis was substantiated by a study of Osborne et al, which showed that the affinity of PRMT1 for its arginine substrate relies on long-range interactions involving an acidic residue located away from the PRMT1 active site and probably a positively-charged residue on the substrate [19]
We showed by in vitro methylation assay that hCAF1 inhibits PRMT1-mediated methylation of histone H4 on arginine 3 (H4R3) by PRMT1
Summary
Arginine methylation is a common and widespread post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotes that regulates numerous biological processes. PRMT1, which is the major type I PRMT, is responsible for 85% of the activity attributed to type I PRMTs in mammals [3]. It plays key roles in various cellular processes such as transcriptional regulation, signal transduction or DNA damage repair, owing to the diversity of its histone and non-histone substrates [1]. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the literature concerning PRMT1 structure, activities and functions. The cellular roles and functions of PRMT1, as well as its involvement in cancer, will be addressed
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