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Abstract
From the aerial parts of Salvia ballotiflora, eleven diterpenoids were isolated; among them, four icetexanes and one abietane (1–5) are reported for the first time. Their structures were established by spectroscopic means, mainly 1H- and 13C-NMR, including 1D and 2D homo- and hetero-nuclear experiments. Most of the isolated diterpenoids were tested for their antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and radical scavenging activities using the sulforhodamine B assay on six cancer cell lines, the TPA-induced ear edema test in mice, and the reduction of the DPPH assay, respectively. Some diterpenoids showed anti-proliferative activity, these being icetexanes 6 and 3, which were the most active with IC50 (μM) = 0.27 ± 0.08 and 1.40 ± 0.03, respectively, for U251 (human glioblastoma) and IC50 (μM) = 0.0.46 ± 0.05 and 0.82 ± 0.06 for SKLU-1 (human lung adenocarcinoma), when compared with adriamycin (IC50 (μM) = 0.08 ± 0.003 and 0.05 ± 0.003, as the positive control), respectively. Compounds 3 and 10 showed significant reduction of the induced ear edema of 37.4 ± 2.8 and 25.4 ± 3.0% (at 1.0 μmol/ear), respectively. Compound 4 was the sole active diterpenoid in the antioxidant assay (IC50 = 98. 4 ± 3.3), using α-tocopherol as the positive control (IC50 (μM) = 31.7 ± 1.04). The diterpenoid profile found is of chemotaxonomic relevance and reinforces the evolutionary link of S. ballotiflora with other members of the section Tomentellae.
Highlights
The genus Salvia L. is the largest of the Lamiaceae plants family, with over 1000 species widespread throughout the world [1]
Salvia spp. [28,33]; anastomosine (6) was from S. anastomosans [27]; 7,20-dihydroanastomosine (7) was from S. ballotiflora [23]; compound 9 was from S. candicans [28]; and 7α-acetoxy-19-hydroxyroyleanone
The complete assignments of the NMR data of 6, 7, 9, and 11 are included in this paper, since some discrepancies have been found among the literature assignments
Summary
The genus Salvia L. is the largest of the Lamiaceae plants family, with over 1000 species widespread throughout the world [1]. Pimarane, kaurane, totarane, clerodane, and abietane diterpenoids have been described for the genus [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Several rearranged pimarane, abietane, and clerodane diterpenoids have been isolated. Molecules 2017, 22, 1690 from Salvia species [9,10,11]. Interesting biological activities such as cytotoxic, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, insect anti-feeding, and psychotropic activities have been documented for some of the diterpenoids isolated from these plants [2,12]
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