Abstract
Transition metal oxides are promising electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries that operate through conversion reactions. Energy densities for conversion reactions are higher than for intercalation reactions, but most transition metal oxides show poor cycling performance and reversibility due to pulverization of active materials and subsequent volume changes. We report a facile, scalable, electrospinning synthesis for fabrication of Li4Ti5O12-coated Fe/Fe3O4 nanocomposites into one-dimensional hybrid nanofibers (C@Fe-Fe3O4/Li4Ti5O12 hybrid NFs). This is a new class of highly-reversible and safe anode material that significantly reduces the lithium-ion diffusion length and improves strain tolerance caused by lithium-ion insertion/extraction. Oxidation state is also impressively controlled through a carbothermal reaction during annealing. The precise oxidation state control of C@Fe-Fe3O4/Li4Ti5O12 hybrid NFs provided high capacity due to the Fe oxide conversion reaction and substantial reversibility and stability resulting from zero-strain characteristics and superb kinetics of Li4Ti5O12. This new electrode material appears promising for future energy systems.
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