Abstract
The formation of particles during ablation of copper (Cu) in distilled water by different pulse duration (5 ns, 200 ps and 30 fs), wavelength (1064 and 355 nm of 5 ns pulses), and energy is demonstrated. It is found that the initial particles of Cu rapidly oxidize to form cupric oxide (CuO) and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) particles. Pulse duration and wavelength play a crucial role during the process of formation, morphology change, and aging of particles. We demonstrate that ultra-short pulses allow obtaining particles with smaller sizes and narrower distribution. It is shown that the morphology of CuO/Cu2O particles in this case becomes more stable.
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