Abstract

SUMMARY We use the normal-mode theory to investigate the sensitivities of the delay times of finitefrequency seismic waves to 3-D perturbations in wave speeds relative to 1-D reference models. The normal-mode theory provides the exact solutions to the wave equation in 1-D models, thus enabling a full-wave approach to the wave propagation in the sense that for a given pair of source and receiver, it accounts for all the waves that travel from the source to the receiver following any possible paths, and that it models accurately all the possible wave effects such as diffraction and non-geometrical propagation. We illustrate the complex picture of finite-frequency wave

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