Abstract
The structural behavior of coupled, thin-walled, composite beams of open as well as closed section was analyzed using Vlasov theory and then the results were validated by experiment. The analysis modeled the walls of beams as general composite laminates and accounted for the transverse shear deformation of the cross-section. The out-of-plane warping deformation of the cross-section was included implicitly in this formulation. In order to validate the analysis, graphite-epoxy beams of various cross-sections such as solid rectangular, I-section, single-cell rectangular and two-cell airfoil were fabricated and tested for their structural response under tip bending, torsional and extensional loads. Specialized bending-torsion and extension-torsion couplings were introduced in these beams using proper ply lay-ups. Good correlation between theoretical and experimental results was achieved. Transverse-shear-related couplings were found to influence the structural response of open- as well as closed-section beams. For blades with hygrothermally stable lay-ups, bending-transverse shear coupling increased the bending flexibility by about 50%. The in-plane-bending coupling stiffness [ B] of the walls of the beam generally influenced the structural response of the beams quite significantly; this effect was expecially large for I-beams. The influence of constraining the warping deformation was found to be substantial on the structural response of open-section beams as compared to closed-section beams. A 630% increase in the torsional stiffness due to constrained warping was noticed for graphite-epoxy I-beams of slenderness ratio 30. The feasibility of achieving the desired levels of bending-torsion and extension-torsion couplings in two-cell rotor blades was demonstrated.
Published Version
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