Abstract
A number of uncertainties are present in the structural design problem. These may be related to inherent variability such as material properties (steel yield strength, steel ultimate strength, concrete compressive strength, concrete modulus of elasticity, etc.), dimensions (beam width and depth, concrete cover, etc.), loads (dead loads, live loads, wind, earthquake, etc.) or epistemic uncertainties, i.e., those related to the lack (or limited) knowledge. In this latter category are the errors associated to predictive models, sampling errors, and measurement errors. These errors may be reduced as more information is gained. These uncertainties may be modeled as random variables. In this process, the associated mathematical models may be obtained from observational data. To this end, the histogram of the quantity of interest is plotted and a probability distribution is adjusted either by inspection or
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