Structural, relaxor behavior, and energy storage performance of BaTiO3–Bi (Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3 solid solutions for potential MLCC application

Abstract

In the discussed work, (1-x) BaTiO3 (BT)-x Bi(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3 (BMN) solid-combinations have been synthesized via the solid-state process; and both corresponding dielectric and ferroelectric behavior have been learned for possible Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor (MLCC) applications. The phase confirmation has been identified utilizing X-ray diffraction; and Rietveld refinement technique has been used for structural analysis that unveils the formation of pure perovskite structure of the prepared ceramics. Rietveld refinement results reveal the structural changeover from tetragonal to pseudo-cubic for x≥0.125. Raman spectroscopy measurements confirm the structural phase changes and lattice modifications due to the chemical substitutions. Microstructural analysis has been done with the help of electron micrograph. Dielectric performance of the synthesized (1-x)BaTiO3(BT)-xBi(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3(BMN) solid solutions has been examined within a temperature range of 173K–473K at different applied frequencies. A broad phase transition and relaxor character is detected from dielectric investigation. The relaxor behavior has been quantified by the Vogel-Fulcher fitting. The thermal stability of the prepared samples was calculated by means of standard formula of Temperature Coefficient of Capacitance (TCC). Hysteresis loop was undertaken to identify the ferroelectric properties and energy storage capacity. Among all the compositions, x = 0.10 shows good thermal stability, an elevated recoverable energy density; and a remarkable efficiency that makes it suitable for MLCC applications.