Abstract
This chapter starts with a reflection on what we know about structural reforms in higher education. Subsequently, the nature and types of the structural reforms analysed in this volume is explained. The cases are all European reforms in which governmental agencies played a leading role. The reforms aimed either at horizontal differentiation (e.g. introducing a new sector in higher education), vertical differentiation (e.g. developing initiatives for ‘world-class’ universities) or interrelationships (cooperation between different types of higher education institutions, including mergers). Short summaries of the case studies are presented, followed by an introduction of the conceptual framework, used to analyse the case studies.
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