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Abstract
Herein, the efficient serotonin (5-HT) sensing studies have been conducted using the (ZnO NRs)1−x(CNs)x nanocomposites (NCs) having appropriate structural and electrochemical properties. Initially, the different compositions of ZnO nanorods (NRs), with varying content of carbon nanostructures (CNs=MWCNTs and RGO), are prepared using simple in-situ wet chemical method and thereafter these NCs have been characterized for physico-chemical properties in correlation to the 5-HT sensing activity. XRD Rietveld refinement studies reveal the hexagonal Wurtzite ZnO NRs oriented in (101) direction with space group ‘P63mc’ and both orientation as well as phase of ZnO NRs are also retained in the NCs due to the small content of CNs. The interconnectivity between the ZnO NRs with CNs through different functional moieties is also studied using FTIR analysis; while phases of the constituents are confirmed through Raman analysis. FESEM images of the bare/NCs show hexagonal shaped rods with higher aspect ratio (4.87) to that of others. BET analysis and EIS measurements reveal the higher surface area (97.895 m2/g), lower charge transfer resistance (16.2 kΩ) for the ZCNT 0.1 NCs to that of other NCs or bare material. Thereafter, the prepared NCs are deposited on the screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) using chitosan as cross-linked agent for 5-HT sensing studies; conducted through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) measurements. Among the various composites, ZCNT0.1 NCs based electrodes exhibit higher sensing activity towards 5-HT in accordance to its higher surface area, lower particle size and lower charge transfer resistance. SWV measurements provide a wide linear response range (7.5–300 μM); lower limit of detection (0.66 μM), excellent limit of quantification (2.19 μM) and good reproducibility to ZCNT 0.1 NCs as compared to others for 5-HT sensing studies.
Highlights
Nanocrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) is ubiquitous candidate used in the various applications such as energy harvesting, sensing, supercapacitors, catalysis, electronics, biomedical, etc
The details of weight losses for the different chemical moieties lost in all these samples are shown in [Table S2 Supporting Information (SI)]
We have synthesized one-dimensional (ZnO NRs)1−x(CNs)x NCs through simple in-situ wet-chemical protocol and thereafter their structural properties as well as interconnectivity between the materials have been tested through spectroscopic (XRD, FTIR, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS)), microscopic (FESEM with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)) and BET measurements
Summary
Nanocrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) is ubiquitous candidate used in the various applications such as energy harvesting, sensing, supercapacitors, catalysis, electronics, biomedical, etc. The relative intensity ratio (RIR) analysis of the characteristics peaks of bare ZnO NRs and NCs with varying content of MWCNTs and RGO are presented.
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