Abstract
Based on the crystallographic studies of diarylpyrimidines (DAPYs), we embarked on incorporating the hydrophilic piperidyl or morpholinyl group into the known DAPY derivatives bearing the pyridine moiety as a core structure, with the double aim to exploit additional interactions with the HIV-1 NNRTI binding pocket (NNIBP), as well as to improve the compound solubility. The antiviral evaluation result show that the most potent compounds I-8b2, I-8b3, I-8b4 and I-8c3 exhibited anti-HIV-1 (IIIB) strain activity ranging from 7.4 nM to 9.4 nM (SI = 168–1283), superior to FDA-approved drugs of nevirapine (NVP), lamivudine (3TC) and delavirdine (DLV), and comparable to etravirine (ETV), zidovudine (AZT) and efavirenz (EFV). Additionally, compounds I-8c2 and I-8c3 showed moderate activity against NNRTI resistant strains baring mutations K103N and Y181C with EC50 values of 6.2 μM and 6.8 μM, respectively. Preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs), reverse transcriptase inhibition efficacy and molecular modeling of selected compounds are also presented. These outcomes support our design hypothesis and demonstrate that the piperidyl group modified pyridine-typed DAPY derivatives are highly potent NNRTIs with improved water solubility.
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