Structural optimization of high voltage transmission line towers considering continuum and discrete design variables

Abstract

Structural optimization has been usually applied to singular projects (e.g. a dam) and/or to common designs largely repeated (e.g. automotive components), and high voltage transmission towers can be included in both groups since they are expensive and a large number of them is required. In this paper, the authors propose a general formulation for obtaining the structural optimum design of latticed high voltage towers. The formulation is devoted to obtaining the most common objective in engineering (minimum cost) considering the limitations imposed in actual norms for this kind of structure. According to this idea, real applications are studied and modeled under real conditions (e.g. loads, constraints, building process). Constructive aspects like the specific geometry, the structural elements or the building process are specifically considered. The optimization model proposed also deals with continuum design variables (global geometry variables) and discrete design variables (area, inertia and/or cross section dimensions, for example) both together. The use of both types of design variables is crucial for defining a realistic model that can be used in practical applications in engineering. The optimum design formulation proposed is general and can be easily applied to other different types of 3D latticed structures. Finally, a real application example of a high voltage tower under real conditions and requirements is analyzed.