Structural mechanisms of solid solution and cation ordering in augite-jadeite pyroxenes; II, A microscopic perspective

Abstract

A polycrystalline sample of MgSiO3-orthopyroxene was hot pressed at a pressure of 4 GPa and temperature of 975 °C in a multi-anvil apparatus. The recovered specimen has a bulk density within 1% of the X-ray density and compressional and shear wave velocities within 1% of the Hashin-Shtrikman averages of the isotropic velocities calculated from the single-crystal elastic moduli. Compressional and shear wave travel times were mea­sured at pressures up to 10 GPa at room temperature using the phase comparison method of ultrasonic interferometry in a 1000 ton uniaxial split-cylinder apparatus (USCA-1000). The velocities and elastic moduli monotonically increase with pressure; discontinuous be­havior is not observed. Both the compressional velocity and bulk modulus, however, ex­hibit pronounced non-linear dependence on pressure. Fitting a fourth-order Eulerian finite- strain equation of state yield values of the bulk modulus and its first and second pressure derivatives, K0 = 104(2) GPa, K′0 = 10.9(5), and K″0 = -1.6(2) GPa-1. In contrast, the shear velocity and modulus are linear with pressure, yielding values of G0= 74.9(1.5) GPa and G′0 = 1.6(1), when fit to a third-order finite-strain equation of state. A P-V trajectory calculated from these continuous measurements of K vs. P to 8 GPa is in agreement with extant static compression data for this material, without requiring a discontinuous change in K at 4 GPa. The velocities of MgSiO3-orthopyroxene increase more rapidly with pressure than those for Mg2SiO4-olivine (especially for P-waves), such that these two mineral phases are virtually indistinguishable in their velocities at 200 km depth, unless the velocity- temperature dependence of the two phases is dramatically different.