Structural Manipulation of Carbon Nitride for Electrochemiluminescent Analysis

Abstract

Chemical structures of two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet can effectively control the properties thus guiding their applications. However, carbon nitride nanosheets with tunable chemical structures and sizes has been rarely explored so far, thus impeding the further boost of performances. Herein, we demonstrate that carbon nitride nanosheets with tunable chemical structures can be obtained by liquid-exfoliation of facile accessible bulk carbon nitride with different polymerization degree. In comparison with previous methods for preparation of 2D nanosheets, the proposed route was green, not requiring any additives, toxic solvents or preintercalation steps. On the other hand, detection of metal-ions as known is crucial for health due to both deficiency and overdose of them will cause the imbalance of homestasis and subsequenet severe diseases. Interestingly, the ECL of as-prepared carbon nitride nanosheers (CNNS) was significantly modulated, and exhibited unusual changes in quenching and enhancement upon adding different metal-ions. Such advantage was further applied to construct sensors for multiple metal-ions without any labeling and masking reagents. The detection limit estimated at a signal-to-noise of 3, of Cu2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+ were 250 nM, 1 nM and 20 nM, respectively, which was 2~340 times lower than the maximum level in drinking water permitted by WHO. Detailed mechanism studies further revealed that the strong ECL quenching effect was due to the inner filter effect/electron transfer process and the enhancement was due to the catalytic effect. It would open a vista to explore 2D carbon-rich materials for a wide range of applications such as sensing with enhanced performances based on new mechanism. Reference[1]Zhou, Z.; Wang, J.; Yu, J.; Shen, Y.; Li, Y.; Liu, A.; Liu, S.; Zhang, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 2179.[2] Zhou, Z.; Shen, Y.; Li, Y.; Liu, A.; Liu, S.; Zhang, Y. ACS Nano 2015, 9, 12480.[3]Shang, Q.; Zhou, Z.; Shen, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Li, Y.; Liu, S.; Zhang, Y. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 23672.