Structural, magnetic and ferroelectric properties of Ho1−x Ca x Mn1−y Co y O3 (x = 0.05, y = 0.05, 0.1)

Abstract

Polycrystalline Ho1−xCaxMn1−yCoyO3 (x = 0.05, y = 0.05, 0.1) samples were synthesized by solid-state reaction route to study the effect of compositional variation on structural, magnetic and ferroelectric properties. From XRD measurement, it is clearly observed that orthorhombic phase stabilizes completely at y = 0.1. Partial substitution of Ca and Co at Ho and Mn site promotes structural distortion in the lattice which is responsible for suppression of hexagonal structure and stabilization of orthorhombic phase. On the other hand, incorporation of Co2+ cation into the HMO causes the transformation of John–Teller Mn3+ to Mn4+ ion which is not a John–Teller cation. Higher substitution of Co at Mn site enhances the magnetic property and shifts the transition temperature toward higher value (154 K). FC and ZFC curves become more divergent below 154 K for y = 0.1, indicating the presence of weak ferromagnetism below 154 K. M-H curve at 150 K for y = 0.1 shows a ferromagnetic-like behaviour which confirms our observed M-T data. The ferromagnetism in the sample may arise due to the double-exchange interaction between Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions. Values of remanent polarization and coercive field are observed to be 0.25 µC/cm2 and 3.23 kV/cm, respectively. It is quite interesting that substitution of Ca at Ho site and Co at Mn site induced weak ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in the material. This finding makes the material a potential candidate for future device application.