Abstract
Abstract Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) materials for harvesting solar energy can be discovered from existing photocatalytic semiconductors. Nonetheless, mixed valence tin oxides, a group of widely reported visible light active photocatalysts, can hardly be developed into efficient PEC photoelectrodes. To overcome this difficulty by clarifying its origin, two typical mixed valence tin oxides, Sn2+:SnO2 microrods and porous Sn3O4 particles were deliberately prepared as the models. Sn2+:SnO2 microrods of less porosity exhibited a photocurrent over ten times higher than Sn3O4 particles. Photo-electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed this was due to their charge kinetics difference, specifically the internal transport/transfer responding to the morphology. Moreover, hydroxyl residuals from synthesis were found to be very inhibitive for the PEC efficiency as well, which was in coherence with our TGA and Raman spectroscopic study. These finding experimentally proved the necessity of reconsidering the surface area, crystallinity, and defects when developing photocatalysts into efficient PEC structures.
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