Abstract
The seismic reflection method has a primary role in petroleum exploration. This research is a structural interpretation study of the 2D seismic reflection survey carried out in the Upper West Euphrates (Khan Al-Baghdadi area), which is located in the western part of Iraq, Al-Anbar governorate. The two objectives of this research are to interpret Base Akkas/Top Khabour reflector and to define potential hydrocarbon traps in the surveyed area. Based on the synthetic seismogram of Akk_3 well near the study area, the Akkas/Top Khabour reflector was identified on the seismic section. Also, the Silurian Akkas Hot_shale reflector was identified and followed up, which represents the source and seal rocks of the Paleozoic petroleum system in the Western Desert of Iraq. Time, velocity, depth, and isopach maps were drawn for Base Akkas/Top Khabour reflector and showed the presence of two anticline structures trending east-west and located on the west side of the study area. The first is termed as (A), represented by Tulul structure, and the second is termed as (B). The maps show the increase in time toward the eastern side of the study area. The general slope of the reflectors is toward the southeast of the study area, while the increase of the thickness of the Formation is gradual to the southwest as well as the northwest of the study area. The study area was affected by three transversal faults. Generally, the faults have northeast-southwest trends. The Ordovician Khabour sands are the primary reservoir in the study area. They are interpreted to be present throughout Akkas Field as gas/condensate accumulation located 100 km to the west of the study area.
Highlights
The seismic reflection method absorbs more than 90% of the money spent worldwide on applied geophysics
Materials and methods Two types of data were used in this study; well data include the sonic log, density log, check-shot survey, and well tops of Akk_3; seismic data include sets of 2D seismic lines, which were acquired during four check-shot surveys conducted between 1980 and 1990 [7]; these are the Khan Al-Baghdadi survey (KB), consists of twenty lines, Anah_Ghadah survey (AG), Akkas survey (AS), and Um-Rashif survey (UR)
The structural interpretations of the 2D seismic reflection data are presented in figures 7, 8, and 9
Summary
The seismic reflection method absorbs more than 90% of the money spent worldwide on applied geophysics. The basic idea in seismic methods is a hit on the surface (a controlled source) to create a seismic wave that travels underground. This wave is reflected and refracted when it reaches a boundary between different layers. The structural interpretation aims to draw time, velocity, depth, and isopach maps which represent the variation between two seismic events or reflections of the studied formations in the depth domain [6]. The Upper West Euphrates (Khan AlBaghdadi) area is located approximately 150 km west of Baghdad in the Western Desert province of Iraq, bordered by the Euphrates River. The commercially viable accumulations of hydrocarbons that are closest to the study area consist of the Akkas gas field (about 100 km west of the Khan Al-Baghdadi area) and two other noteworthy hydrocarbon accumulations that are pertinent to the exploration potential; these are the Risha Field (Jordan) and the Kahf discovery
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