Abstract
Bio-based thermosetting resins were synthesized from a ternary composition: humins; epoxidized linseed oil (ELO); and an industrial hardener, Capcure3-800 (CAP). Humins are in a focused attention in the last years, as biorefinery by-product, therefore its valorization through materials design is very important. Here we present a structural study of terpolymerization of humins/ ELO/CAP. The reactivity of these systems was highlighted by in situ FT-IR and 1H and 13C NMR. The integration of humins in thermosetting resins gives alternatives to new feedstocks for future bio-based materials.
Highlights
The variance in oil prices and the inherent instability of oil producing zones lead to an increased pressure in the development of alternative materials’ feedstock
We proved for the first time that we can prepare bioresins by incorporating up to 60% weight of humins in formulations with epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and Capcure 3-800 (CAP) leading to resins with a bio-sourced up to 60% weight of humins in formulations with ELO and CAP leading to resins with a bio-sourced content up to 70% [40]
The hardness of the resulted materials aim to keep a maximal humins ratio and a representative proportion between the three further within the terpolymerization mechanism, we studied in a first stage the HU/ELO, HU/CAP, varied between
Summary
The variance in oil prices and the inherent instability of oil producing zones lead to an increased pressure in the development of alternative materials’ feedstock. The process requires the catalytical conversion of simple carbohydrates towards the aforementioned monomers [4] These bio-monomers can be used in the synthesis of bio-plastics. The design of the bio-based thermosets has been done by choosing three main components: the humins (HU), a by-product from bio-refineries; the epoxidized linseed oil (ELO), an epoxy derivative of natural poly unsaturated oils; and Capcure 3-800 (CAP), an industrial hardener for epoxy resins. The ternary polymerization strategy was applied with the aim to combine two biobased and antagonist (macro)monomers: the humins and ELO In this way, the humins contribute the polyfuranic branched chains, giving rigidity to the network while the aliphatic chains of ELO give elasticity and a ductile character. The design of formulations, of reactivity, etc., were realized considering the humins as the main component, with a proposed structure presented in Figure 1 [5]
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