Abstract
Most structures in the Arctic and Antarctic for oil and gas production are offshore stations, tankers, modules, steel supporting, and enclosing structures, which need to be protected against both cryogenic spills and fire exposure. Oil and gas industry facilities have products of high flammability and explosiveness, which in the case of ignition make it possible to develop a fire along the hydrocarbon curve, accompanied by a sharp jump in temperature and the formation of excessive pressure. This article discusses possible structural fire protection for metal structures in the Arctic region. Three different structural fireproofing materials are presented using super-thin basalt fiber (STBF) as an example. Tests of steel structures with fire protection are demonstrated, as a result of which the time from the beginning of cryogenic exposure to the limit state of samples is determined, and after the time from the beginning of thermal exposure to the limit state of samples under the hydrocarbon temperature regime is determined. An assessment of various flame retardants with values up to 120 min, which can be used in arctic climate conditions, was carried out. It was found that the most effective coatings are materials prepared on the basis of STBF.
Highlights
The Arctic climate is the most severe with absolute minimum winter temperatures from −54 ◦C to −71 ◦C [1]
Buildings and structures in the Arctic and Antarctic are Arctic stations and plants for the production, refining, and transportation of products of the oil and gas facility, the steel load-bearing and enclosing structures of which need to be protected with special materials, in particular fire retardants to increase their fire resistance limits, after the filling of cryogenic liquid, such as liquid natural gas (LNG) [2,3,4]
The ISO 20088-1:2016 [5], ISO 20088-2:2020 [6], and ISO 20088-3:2018 [7] series of standards regulate the effects of cryogenic liquid on fire protection on steel structures
Summary
The Arctic climate is the most severe with absolute minimum winter temperatures from −54 ◦C to −71 ◦C [1]. The following requirements are presented for the fire protection of steel structures: saving reliability (operability) in the Arctic climate for at least 10 years, and Buildings 2021, 11, 499. The following requirements are presented for the fire prote of steel structures: saving reliability (operability) in the Arctic climate for at least 10 y “dry” installatiaonndw“idthryo”utinlisqtualildatpiohnaswe,itrheosiusttalniqcueitdopehxatrseem, reeesifsfteacntsceintotheexftorermmeoef flfieqcutisdin the fo hydrocarbon spliiqlulsi,dwhiythdrthoecairrbfuornthseprililgs,nwitiiothn tahnedirtfhuertdheevreilgonpimtioenntaonfdathheyddreovcealrobpomnefinrteof a hydr mode [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26]. 0.95 to 99 yes Consider the products of structural fire protection on the basis of STBF of two Russian manufacturers LLC “PROMIZOL” and LLC “BST” and international company “3M” All these flame retardant coatings belong to KM0 class [34] and are complex composites in the form of bendable sheets (rolls). Fire retardant materials “PROMISOL-MIX PROPLEIT-50-K” (sample No 1) and “BST-MAT” (sample No 2) during fire test under a hydrocarbon temperature regime and fire retardant “3M Interam” (sample No 3.1 and sample No 3.2) during cryogenic exposure and during a subsequent fire test under a hydrocarbon fire regime were considered
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