Structural Features of the Leaf and Fruit of the Emerald Variety <i>Olea europaea</i> L., Growing under the Introduction Conditions of Surkhandarya

Abstract

For the first time, the anatomical structure of the leaf, petiole and fruit of the emerald variety Olea europaea, which grows under the conditions of introduction in the Oltinsay district of the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan, was studied. The following characteristic diagnostic features were determined: in the leaf—the dorsiventral type of leaf mesophyll; thick-walled outer walls of the epidermis; slightly sinuous outlines of the cells of the adaxial epidermis, rectilinear-abaxial; hypostomotic leaves; non-submerged stomata of the anomocytic type; thyroid silver-gray and white-fluffy star-shaped squamous-numerous on the adaxial epidermis than on the adaxial; chlorophyll-bearing palisade and spongy parenchyma; closed collateral type of conductive bundles; the most scleralized leaf due to the presence of filamentous scleroids in it (long, thin, resembling fibers); in the petiole—parenchymal-beam type of structure; the location of the angular collenchyma under the epidermis; closed collateral type of conductive bundles; the presence of thick-walled parenchymal cells and the presence of filiformscleroids; pericarp of the fetus consists of a rigid 1-layer exocarp, parenchymal mesocarp, and sclerenchymal endocarp; the presence of scleroids—stony cells and branched sclerenchymal fibers with drops of oil in the parenchymal cells. Diagnostic signs revealed by us reflect xeromorphic of this species. All the signs were compared, and we came to the conclusion that the anatomical signs of the leaf and the fetus can be useful for providing diagnostic signs for distinguishing the studied taxa, can be used in taxonomy, and can serve to identify plant materials.