Abstract
Gem has long been chased because of its cultural and historical significance and beauty, and the identification and evaluation of its structural features have also been paid attention to. Plum blossom jade and emerald were identified and analyzed by means of the conventional detection method, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction analysis. The results showed that plum blossom jade with black and brown background and red, white and brown amygdaloid body spots had a diameter of 1-10 mm, a relative density of 2.69-2.75 g/cm3 and a refractive index of 1.52-1.55, and its minerals contained water molecules, quartz, low albite, anorthoclase and andesite. It was observed that emerald was green, greasy, glassy, transparent, with a relative density of 2.66-2.78 g/cm3 and 1.58 refractive index, and its minerals contained water molecules; there were two kinds of arrangement in crystal channels. The main mineral component of emerald was beryl, and its purity was high.
Highlights
In China, gem culture has existed long, and its origin can be roughly divided into three reasons
Plum blossom jade minerals and emerald minerals were selected as test samples, and the structural characteristics and composition of the two gem minerals were analyzed by means of conventional detection, infrared spectroscopic analysis and X-ray powder diffraction
Brown iron was the main component of emeralds, and the emerald part was green, greasy and subtranslucent; the relative density of emeralds was between 2.66 and 2.78 g/cm3, and the refractive index was about 1.58
Summary
In China, gem culture has existed long, and its origin can be roughly divided into three reasons. Not up to the standard, but some gems have relatively high hardness, suitable for expanding production needs. Gem is used as tools of production; they have the color of cultural heritage. The production of natural gems with beautiful patterns is relatively rare, which ensures the value of hard currency, and because of the non-renewability of natural gems, it has the nature of preservation or even appreciation (Zaitsev et al 2016). Chen et al (2016) studied the mineral composition of imitation Turquoise which is a new product in the market by traditional gemological method, infrared absorption spectrometry and X-ray diffraction and found that the imitation had no natural color characteristics and mainly consisted of enstatite and quartz. This study can provide an effective reference for the study of structure of gem mineral and improve the accuracy of gem identification to ensure the stable of the gem market
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