Abstract
Evaporation of perovskite thin films for solar cell applications is a solvent‐free, well controllable, and scalable deposition path with promising prospects for commercialization. Compared to commonly applied simultaneous co‐evaporation of various halide precursor salts, sequential evaporation followed by an annealing step allows to better control the amount of deposited precursors, and has the potential to largely improve reproducibility. In this work, Cs/formamidinium (FA)‐based lead iodide perovskites are deposited via sequential evaporation in a vacuum chamber and the phase formation and evolution of different precursor‐stacking sequences and annealing conditions are investigated with in situ X‐ray diagnostics. In addition, some Br is added to investigate the effect of halide intermixing. The stacking sequence is found to strongly influence the formation of dominant phases as well as the preferential orientation and HGHmorphology of the as‐deposited films. These variations in turn affect the diffusion and conversion during thermal annealing and ultimately the conversion ratio of the final perovskite layers. For example, it is found that starting the stacking sequences with the A cations (CsI, FAI) favors a fast and complete conversion of the perovskite phase. However, the result is the formation of perovskite layers with large voids.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.