Abstract
Abstract Y2O3 dispersion is widely used in ceramics and steels strengthening. The improved performance results from very fine oxide particles being dispersed within the matrix by ball milling; however, during ball-milling and subsequent heat-treatment, the mechanism underpinning the evolution of Y2O3 and additive Ti remains uncertain. In this study ball-milling was performed on Fe+10% Y2O3+5%Ti powders for different times without adding a process control agent. Heat-treatment was then applied at 900 to 1200 °C. Then the powder after ball-milling and heat treatment was characterised, which showed that, with increased milling time, the average particle size increased while Fe and Y2O3 underwent an amorphous transition. After ball-milling for 30 h, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) both verified the generation of Y2Ti2O7. In the subsequent heat-treatment, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the amorphous Fe and Y2O3 had been transformed back to crystalline at 736.3 °C and 991.3 °C, respectively. With increased heating temperature, the Y2O3 content increased, while that of Y2Ti2O7 remained stable throughout.
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