Abstract
Using genetic algorithm incorporated with density functional theory, we have explored the size evolution of structural and electronic properties of neutral gallium clusters of 20-40 atoms in terms of their ground state structures, binding energies, second differences of energy, HOMO-LUMO gaps, distributions of bond length and bond angle, and electron density of states. In the size range studied, the Ga(n) clusters exhibit several growth patterns, and the core-shell structures become dominant from Ga31. With high point group symmetries, Ga23 and Ga36 show particularly high stability and Ga36 owns a large HOMO-LUMO gap. The atomic structures and electronic states of Ga(n) clusters significantly differ from the a solid but resemble beta solid and liquid to certain extent.
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