Abstract
The Attitude toward Catholicism, Judaism, Hinduism, and Islam scales were adapted for this study into a single scale that measures overall attitudes towards religion. The resulting Attitude toward Religion (ATR) Scale was adapted into both Spanish and Chinese and administered in Mexico (n = 265), Nicaragua (n = 296), and China (n = 460) to a total of 1,021 individuals (59% women, 41% men; Mage = 22.4 years, SD = 7.01 years). The scale’s structural equivalence (i.e. Does the instrument measure the same construct in each country?) was assessed using Exploratory Factor Analyses and pairwise comparisons. Strong evidence for structural equivalence was provided by the analyses’ results, as we obtained a one-dimensional solution (labeled Attitude Toward Religion, ATR) in all three countries and Tucker’s Phi test was very close to 1. These findings support the unidimensional solution for attitudes toward religions obtained in previous scales and broaden the scope for these studies in several cultural contexts. Further implications are discussed.
Highlights
Resumen Las Escalas de Actitudes hacia el Catolicismo, Judaísmo, Hinduismo e Islam (Francis & Enger, 2002; Francis & Katz, 2007; Francis, Santosh, Robbins, & Vij, 2008; Sahin & Francis, 2002) fueron adaptadas en este estudio a una sola escala que evalúa actitudes globales hacia la religión
Religiosity is a complex multidimensional construct. Attempts to assess it have resulted in conflicting models and a wide range of instruments measuring different dimensions of religiosity (Hill & Hood, 1999). In regards with this problem, Francis and Katz (2007) proposed that the attitudinal dimension of religiosity is preferable to others for constructing an integrated series of studies
As well as being multidimensional, religiosity is multifaceted in the sense of including many different doctrines (e.g. Christianity, Hinduism, etc.)
Summary
Resumen Las Escalas de Actitudes hacia el Catolicismo, Judaísmo, Hinduismo e Islam (Francis & Enger, 2002; Francis & Katz, 2007; Francis, Santosh, Robbins, & Vij, 2008; Sahin & Francis, 2002) fueron adaptadas en este estudio a una sola escala que evalúa actitudes globales hacia la religión. Attempts to assess it have resulted in conflicting models and a wide range of instruments measuring different dimensions of religiosity (Hill & Hood, 1999). Francis (1978) argued that the attitudinal dimension of religion can be best assessed through the specific tradition by which it is expressed He created a scale measuring attitude toward Christianity and, later, one for attitudes toward Judaism (Francis & Katz, 2007), towards Islam (Francis et al, 2008), and towards Hinduism (Sahin & Francis, 2002). The goal is to find whether the construct measured by this scale is the same across the cultural groups studied, or whether it only overlaps partially
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