Abstract
While several marine polar lipids (PL) have exhibited cardioprotective properties through their effects on the platelet-activating factor (PAF) pathways, salmon PL have not been tested so far. In this study, the antithrombotic activities of salmon PL were assessed in human platelets and the structural characterisation of bioactive salmon PL was performed by GC-MS and LC-MS analyses. PL from fillets of Irish organic farmed salmon (Salmo salar) were extracted and separated into several lipid subclasses by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), while their fatty acid profile was fully characterised by GC-MS. Salmon total lipids (TL), total neutral lipids (TNL), total polar lipids (TPL), and each PL subclass obtained by TLC were further assessed for their in vitro effects towards PAF-induced and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in human platelets. Salmon PL exhibited antithrombotic effects on human platelet aggregation, mostly through their strong inhibitory effects against the PAF pathway with IC50 values comparable to other marine PL, but with lower effects towards the thrombin pathway. PL fractions corresponding to phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine derivatives exhibited the most potent anti-PAF effects, while LC-MS analysis putatively elucidated their structure/function relationship. Several diacyl-PC/PE and alkyl-acyl-PC/PE species containing mostly docosahexaenoic acid at their sn-2 glycerol-backbone may be responsible for the bioactivity. The data presented suggests that salmon contains PL with strong antithrombotic bioactivities.
Highlights
Over the past few decades, extensive research has been conducted concerning the anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties of fish oils and marine products
Salmon is categorised as an oily fish species and data of total lipids (TL) levels in this fish are higher than other fish species, which is in accordance with the literature [3]
For the first time it has been demonstrated that salmon polar lipids (PL) have the potential to inhibit platelet aggregation through their inhibitory effects on both the platelet-activating factor (PAF) and thrombin pathways
Summary
Over the past few decades, extensive research has been conducted concerning the anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties of fish oils and marine products. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are abundant in marine products [1]. Mar. Drugs 2018, 16, 176 that diets with a 1:1 ratio of ω6/ω3 PUFA may reduce the risk of many of the chronic diseases that are highly prevalent in Western societies and developing countries, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [2]. Drugs 2018, 16, 176 that diets with a 1:1 ratio of ω6/ω3 PUFA may reduce the risk of many of the chronic diseases that are highly prevalent in Western societies and developing countries, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [2] It is well-established that more complex mechanisms underlie the beneficial effects of fish and fish oil consumption and administration of marine products that go far beyond the ω3
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