Abstract
The semi-refined polysaccharide of Pseudostellaria heterophylla is a complex polysaccharide that exhibits significantly hypoglycemic activities. A novel homogeneous polysaccharide, named as H-1-2, was isolated from the semi-refined polysaccharide. The mean molecular weight of H-1-2 was 1.4 × 104 Da and it was only composed of d-glucose monosaccharide. Structure elucidation indicated that H-1-2 contains pyranride, and has the characteristics of the α-iso-head configuration, a non-reducing end (T-), 4-, 1,6-, and 1,4,6-connection, in all four ways to connect glucose. H-1-2 was a type of glucan, where chemical combination exists in the main chain between 1→4 linked glucose, and contains a small amount of 1,6-linked glucose, which was in the branched chain. In vitro HepG2, 3T3-L1, and L6 cells were used to assess cellular glucose consumption and cellular glucose uptake by glucose oxidase, and the transport of 2-NBDG fluorescence probe results showed that H-1-2 could clearly increase glucose uptake and utilization in muscle and adipose cells, which is beneficial to screen for in the discovery of anti-diabetes lead compounds. H-1-2 was labeled with radioisotopes (99mTc-pertechnetate). 99mTc-labeled-H-1-2 was performed by SPECT/CT analysis images after oral administration in rats. At 4 h post ingestion, about 50% of the radioactivity was observed in the intestine. No significant radioactivity was found in the heart, liver, and kidney, conjecturing that absorption of 99mTc-labeled H-1-2 might, via intestinal mucosa, be absorbed into systemic circulation. This problem, as to whether the polysaccharide is absorbed orally, will need further examination.
Highlights
Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax ex Pax et Hoffm. is known commonly as Tai Zi Shen (TZS); it is known as Hai Er Shen
Recent work from the authors’ research group found that crude polysaccharide of TZS were degraded to get three, low-molecular-weight fractions, which were given to type 1 diabetic mellitus (T1DM) mice and type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) obese rats, and the results suggest that the hypoglycemic effects related to molecular size of the polysaccharide were more effective against T2DM
The results provided the first report on the structure of polysaccharide H-1-2, which can be further used in the investigation of cellular glucose consumption; promoting glucose uptake into cell is beneficial to screen or discovery anti-diabetes lead compounds
Summary
Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax ex Pax et Hoffm. is known commonly as Tai Zi Shen (TZS); it is known as Hai Er Shen. Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax ex Pax et Hoffm. Is known commonly as Tai Zi Shen (TZS); it is known as Hai Er Shen. TZS, as described in the Pharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China, is a mild medicine that is used in Chinese medicine to tone the body; it tonifies the qi and generates yin fluids [1]. TZS is restorative in lung damage due to excess heat or dryness, including hot or dry asthma, bronchitis, dry cough, and emphysema [2]. Pseudostellaria heterophylla is used to treat the deficient constitution associated with diabetes mellitus, and is usually a core drug for herbal remedies [3,4]. The constituents of TZS are amino acids, fatty acids, heterophyllin, trace elements, polysaccharides, etc. The polysaccharide fractions of TZS have in vitro anti-tumor properties [5]; crude polysaccharide
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