Abstract
The articular cartilage overlying the bone consists of a network of collagen fibres. This network is essential to cartilage integrity, usually suffering damage in degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis. We have been applying a number of techniques to study the bone-cartilage interface and of changes occurring in this with disease. The bone-cartilage samples with disease were investigated for their structural, elemental and molecular properties. The bone-cartilage samples with disease were characterized by scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
Highlights
Bone is a complex tissue which integrates two basic components, organic and inorganic material [1]
The bone-cartilage samples with disease were characterized by scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy
Morphological and elementel investigations were conducted on a scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss Supra 50 VP model SEM-EDX) with an acceleration voltage of 25 kV.Absorbance Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were obtained using a Thermo Scientific spectrometer in the range of 4000-400 cm-1 using KBr pellets at room temperature
Summary
Bone is a complex tissue which integrates two basic components, organic (matrix) and inorganic (mineral) material [1]. Its high strength and fracture toughness is achieved by a unique architecture of organic and inorganic phases [2,3,4] It contains nano sized mineral platelets (essentially carbonated hydroxyapatite), protein (mainly collagen type I), and water [3,5,6]. Articular cartilage has unique variations in its morphological structure and molecular composition across its tissue depth, which is commonly considered to comprise three sub-tissue zones based on local fibril orientation [10]. These three zones are (a) the superficial zone (SZ) where the collagen is oriented parallel to the articular surface, (b) the transitional zone (TZ) where the collagen is oriented rather randomly, and (c) the radial zone (RZ) where the collagen is oriented mainly perpendicular to the articular surface. The critical role of the collagen matrix in cartilage is to preserve the tissue integrity where any alteration of the collagen microstructure due to tissue lesions will inevitably disrupt the molecular environment, modifying the mechanical properties of the tissue
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