Abstract
The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of the low-index surfaces of Nickel have been investigated via fully self-consistent ab-initio local-spin-density-functional (LSDF) calculations. Our technique is based on ultrasoft pseudopotentials, residuum minimization techniques for the calculation of the electronic ground-state and of the Hellmann–Feynman forces and stresses, and on a conjugate-gradient technique for the optimization of the atomic structure. The calculations were performed for nine-layer symmetric slabs, allowing for the relaxation of the upper three layers. We also present a detailed analysis of electronic surface states.
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